African
Journals Online
Acta Theologica
Volume 23, Issue 1, June 2003
ABSTRACTS
'n (N.G.) gemeente in "het kamp te Bloemfontein"
gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog 1900-1903
Britz,
R.M.
Abstract: A (Dutch Reformed) congregation
in "the camp at Bloemfontein" during the Anglo-Boer War 1900-1903
The two
previous editions of Acta Theologica published the stories of the
well-known "Tweetoringkerk" and the Dutch Reformed Mission Church of
Waaihoek at the time of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). The present article
focuses on the third Bloemfontein Dutch Reformed congregation during that war.
This congregation came into existence in the concentration camp on the
outskirts of the city. It was ministered to by a number of Dutch Reformed
clergymen appointed by the new colonial government. The two Lutheran pastors of
Bloemfontein (Grosskopf and Arndt) also served the church in the camp. The
congregation was structured along the traditional lines of the Dutch Reformed
Church: there was a church council, a Sunday school, prayer meetings, a
Christian Endeavour Society, and from time to time special evangelisation
meetings. Both Baptism and Holy Communion were administered. The available
sources reveal that the theological convictions and approach of the ministers
who served in the camp relate to the 19th century (Arminian) evangelicalism
(and revivals) that were so popular in America and Great Britain. When the war
ended and the camp was demolished in January 1903, this first "macro-church"
of Bloemfontein also ceased to exist. The article gives an interesting
perspective on the religious ministry in a concentration camp during the
Anglo-Boer War.
Die
Anglo-Boereoorlog (1899-1902) het die drie Bloemfonteinse N.G.-gemeentes
diepgrypend geraak. Hoedat die oorlog op twee hiervan, die Tweetoringkerk en
die Sendinggemeente van Waaihoek, ingekom het, is in die vorige uitgawes van Acta
Theologica aan die orde gestel. Hierdie artikel fokus op die oorblywende
N.G.-gemeente van stad. Dit was 'n besondere gemeente. Hy sou gedurende 1900
ontstaan. Ingedruk in die tentdorpe van die konsentrasiekamp by Spitskop aan
die westekant van die stad, het sy lidmate as slagoffers van die oorlog vir
byna drie jaar buitengewoon ellendige en droewige omstandighede verduur. Meer
as 1600 van hulle, veral kinders, sou die kamp nie oorlewe nie. Die dood, en
armoede, het 'n oorheersende rol gespeel. Dit het 'n onuitwisbare merk op die
kampgemeente gelaat. Toe die kamp in 1903 opgebreek is en die gemeente weer
uiteengeloop het, was dít die een herinnering wat nie in die vergetelheid
verlore kon raak nie. In die verhaal van die kampgemeente hieronder is die
toespitsing egter op die aard van die teologiese oortuigings onderliggend aan
die bediening van die gemeente. Hoe is die evangelie van Christus in 'n
situasie van desperate armoede, en onvoorsiene dood, wat so bepalend oor die
netjiese rye wit kloktente, sinkhutte en enkele baksteengeboutjies gehang het,
gepreek? Is dit kontekstueel aangepas, óf is 'n tradisionele benadering
gehandhaaf? Waar het die leraars die aksent gelê in hulle uitleg van die Skrif
aan lidmate van gereformeerde belydenis? Hoe hét dit in die kamp, veral toe dit
'n geslote konsentrasiekamp nader aan die einde van 1900 geword het, met ander
woorde, teologies daaraan toegegaan?
Keywords: Anglo-Boereoorlog en die kerk,
Bloemfontein, Konsentrasiekamp, Kampgemeente, Gemeente en oorlog, Vrystaat,
Herlewing, Anglo-Boer War and the church, Concentration camp, Camp church,
Congregation and war, Free State, Revival, Revivalism
Die geheim van die prediking: om mondig te word
Cilliers,
J.
Abstract: The secret of preaching: finding
your voice on the pulpit
This
article contends that preaching is a speech-act in which the voice of the
preacher - symbol of his or her personality and spirituality - has an important
role to play. It argues that the voice of the preacher is a factor not to be
overlooked in the dynamic structure of communication, and should be cultivated
in a theologically responsible manner. The function of the voice of the
preacher should, however, not be understood as a new, homiletical moralism, but
in its relationship to (a) the salvation works of God, (b) the relational
integrity of the preacher, (c) the integration of prayer within the framework
of the preacher's theology, and (d) a life of virtue before God. The main
thrust of the argument is that preaching is constituted simultaneously by a
deeply human and profoundly divine activity in the life of the church.
Hierdie
artikel gaan uit van die oortuiging dat prediking 'n spraakgebeure is waarin
die stem van die prediker - simbool van sy of haar persoonlikheid en
spiritualiteit - 'n belangrike rol het om te speel. Die stem van die prediker
mag nie misken word in die dinamiese struktuur van kommunikasie nie, en moet
inteendeel op 'n teologies verantwoorde wyse gekultiveer word. Hierdie rol van
die stem van die prediker mag egter nie verstaan word as 'n nuwe homiletiese
moralisme nie, maar in relasie tot (a) die verlossingswerke van God, (b) die verhoudingsintegriteit
van die prediker, (c) die integrasie van gebed binne die raamwerk van die
prediker se teologie, en (d) die deugdelike bestaan voor God. Die kern van die
artikel rus op die veronderstelling dat prediking uit beide 'n waarlik menslike
én Goddelike handeling bestaan.
Keywords: Homiletiek,
Persoonlikheid, Spiritualiteit, Gebed, Etos, Homiletics, Personality,
Sprituality, Prayer, Ethos
Faith, hope and love - a missionary perspective on three
seminal motifs in 1 Thessalonians 1: 3
De Villiers,
P.G.R.
Abstract: Paul's first letter to the
Thessalonians is often regarded as providing pastoral support to them in a time
of anxiety and stress. Focussing on the introductory part of the thanksgiving
in 1 Thessalonians 1: 2-5, this article investigates facets of the text that
are neglected because of this reading. It analyses certain qualities ascribed
to the Thessalonian believers in the first part of the thanksgiving. The
qualities are first of all investigated in their general religious sense and,
secondly, in terms of their results. In a concluding section the function of
this portrait is spelled out.
Keywords: 1 Thessalonians 1:
3, Exegesis, Mission, 1 Tessalonisense 1: 3, Eksegese, Sending
The
Great Trek as exodus in J.D. Kestell's and N. Hofmeyr's De voortrekkers of
Het Dagboek van Izak van der Merwe
Hale, F.
Abstract: Both before and after the end of
the nineteenth century the Great Trek of the 1830s and 1840s was a recurrent
theme in historical fiction. Not only in many of the novels written in Dutch
and Afrikaans, but also in some which appeared in English, the bravery of the
Voortrekkers was a pivotal theme. Often merged with this heroic motif was an
identification of the Voortrekkers with the Israelites of the Old Testament.
This thematic dualism reached its zenith in De Voortrekkers of Het Dagboek
van Izak van der Merwe, whose authors, John Daniel Kestell en Nico Hofmeyr,
both of whom were Dutch Reformed ministers, constructed the Great Trek as a
post-figurative Exodus.
Voor die
einde van die negentiende eeu en selfs daarna was die Groot Trek van die
agtiendertiger en -veertiger jare 'n herhaaldelike tema in historiese romans.
In talle van die romans wat in Nederlands en Afrikaans geskryf is, en in 'n
mindere mate ook die wat in Engels verskyn het, is die dapperheid van die
Voortrekkers beklemtoon. Saam met die heldhaftige beeld was nog 'n prominente
tema die identifikasie van die Voortrekkers met die Israeliete van die Ou
Testament. Die hoogtepunt van die tema is in De Voortrekkers of Het Dagboek
van Izak van der Merwe bereik, waarin die skrywers, John Daniel Kestell en
Nico Hofmeyr, altwee N.G.-predikante, die Groot Trek as 'n latere Eksodus
beskou het.
Keywords: South African
history, Voortrekkers, Great Trek, J. D. Kestell, N. Hofmeyr, Exodus,
Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis, Groot Trek, Eksodus
Vernuwing in die kerklied: die Liedboek van die Kerk
(2001)
Kloppers,
E.C.
Abstract: Renewal in hymnody: the new
hymnal in Afrikaans (2001)
Renewal in
hymnody and an "explosion" of hymns are taking place world-wide. Many
new hymnals were published in the past decades. A new hymnal in Afrikaans, Liedboek
van die Kerk, was also taken into use during 2001. In this article certain
aspects of renewal reflected in this hymnal are discussed and related to
world-wide tendencies. Aspects discussed are liturgical forms and hymns handed
down from the early history of the church; forms promoting more active
participation; ecumenicity; diversity and plurality to accommodate various
groups and generations; the versification of the Psalter; the rubrication; and
the formation of liturgists. It is shown which aspects were addressed
successfully and which should receive more attention in future.
Keywords: Himnologie,
Vernuwing, Suid-Afrika, Liedboek van die Kerk (2001), Hymnody, Renewal, South
Africa
Psalm 1-50 in Afrikaans. 'n Korpusgebaseerde vertaalkundige analise
Naude,
J.A.
Abstract: Psalms 1-50 in Afrikaans. An
analysis within corpus-based translation studies
Corpus-based
research in translation involves using computerised corpora to study translated
text and is concerned with revealing both the universal and the specific
features of translation. A corpus of Bible translations and religious
literature is in a process of being established at the University of the Free
State. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the vocabulary of
the translation of Psalms 1-50 in various Afrikaans Bible translations within
corpus-based translation studies. The way in which corpus processing techniques
could be utilised to investigate the vocabulary of the translation of Psalms
1-50 will be discussed.
Korpusgebaseerde
navorsing in vertaling behels die gebruik van gerekenariseerde korpora om
vertaalde teks te bestudeer en is gemoeid met die ontdekking van beide die
universele en spesifieke kenmerke van vertaling. 'n Korpus van Bybelvertalings
en religieuse literatuur word tans by die Universiteit van die Vrystaat
opgestel. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die aard van die woordeskat van
die vertaling van Psalms 1-50 in verskillende Afrikaanse Bybelvertalings binne
die raamwerk van korpusgebaseerde vertaalkunde te ondersoek. Die manier waarop
korpusprosesseringstegnieke gebruik kan word om die woordeskat van Psalms 1-50
te ondersoek, sal bespreek word.
Keywords: Vertaalkunde,
Bybelvertaling, Psalms 1-50, Korpusgebaseerde vertaalkunde, Translation
studies, Bible translation, Corpus-based translation studies
Narratologiese ondersoek na Daniël 1: God beloon getrouheid
Nel, M.
Abstract: A narratological analysis of
Daniel 1: God rewards loyalty
The
hypothesis of this article is that a narratological analysis of Daniel 1 may be
useful in understanding it. Daniel 1 is a narrative without historical
foundation and should be read and interpreted as literature. Whereas the tales
in the Daniel book pretend to be about historical figures, they are literary
tales that encourage people in a historical crisis situation. In the
narratological synthesis the following elements are investigated in terms of
their contribution to the tale: the narrator and his / her theological outlook;
the temporal, spatial and social settings of the tale; the characters in the
tale, and the plot which is a plot within a plot. The narratological discussion
implies that Daniel 1 conveys the message: God is in control of what is
happening with His people. His reign is sovereign. He is where His children
are. His children are there because He put them there. His people have the
responsibility to serve and honour Him even in the strange country of exile. He
uses them in that country. and He blesses them there. He is the great God.
Keywords: Ou-Testamentiese
eksegese, Daniel 1, Narratologie, Old Testament exegesis, Narratology
Vergifnis in die gebed van Daniël (Dan. 9:4-19)
O'Kennedy,
D.F.
Abstract: Forgiveness in the prayer of
Daniel (Dan 9: 4-19)
Daniel 9:
4-19 is one of the important penitential prayers in the Old Testament. This
prayer has been investigated from different perspectives, but the theological
dimension of forgiveness is often neglected. In this article the understanding
of divine forgiveness is studied and the following important elements are
emphasised: (1) Forgiveness cannot be limited to one specific historical
context; (2) The motivation for forgiveness does not lie in the people's
obedience, but in God's grace and mercy; (3) The structure and content of the
prayer implies that confession of guilt is an important element in the process
of forgiveness. Everyone is guilty - the guilt is not placed on a certain
person or king (cf. v. 7); (4) Forgiveness is meant for the
"international" Israel and not limited to a specific geographical
area.
Keywords: Ou Testament,
Gebed, Vergifnis, Daniel 9: 4-19, Old Testament, Prayer, Forgiveness
Law, religion and the covenanted community: the impact of
the Zurich Reformation on the early Cape settlement, 1652-1708
Raath,
A.W.G.
Abstract: The Zurich Reformation was actively
supported by the Dutch East India Company in its care for the religious,
political and legal needs of the early Cape settlement. Not only the promotion
of the Reformed religion by the Classis of Amsterdam but also the political and
legal interests of the settlement were advanced on the basis of the Zurich
reformation and its emphasis on the covenant. It was Huldrych Zwingli and his
successor Heinrich Bullinger whose idea of the covenanted community served as
the blueprint for the activities of the Sick Comforters, the proceedings of the
Council of Justice and the decisions of the Council of Policy, rather than the
influence of the Genevan reformer John Calvin. The so-called Calvinistic roots
of the early settlement at the Cape, flowing from Calvin's doctrine of
predestination, must therefore, be thoroughly revisited.
Keywords: South African
history, 1652-1708, Law & religion, Zwingli, Bullinger, Suid-Afrikaanse
geskiedenis, Wet & godsdiens
Die 1983 Afrikaanse Bybelvertaling in die lig van huidige tendense en
behoeftes
Snyman,
A.H.
Abstract: The 1983 Afrikaans Bible
translation in the light of the current trends and needs
At a
symposium on current trends in Bible translation held in August 2001 it became
clear that linguistic-based theories, which dominated translation work when the
1983 Afrikaans translation came on the scene, have been replaced by
functionalist approaches and descriptive translation studies (DTS). The
difference between these approaches lies in their relation to the source text:
linguistic theorists regard the source text as a norm and evaluate any
translation in terms of its equivalence to the source text. In contrast, the
functionalist theorists regard a translation as a new communicative act that
must be purposeful with respect to the translator's clients and readership,
while DTS views a text as a translation if it functions as such in the
receiving culture and literary system. A recent investigation into the need for
a new Afrikaans translation reveals that there is a need for various types of
translation. The majority of respondents are satisfied with the 1983
translation and do not want a new one. It has also become apparent, however,
that the 1983 translation is not suitable for liturgical use in all
Afrikaans-speaking churches. In line with the experience of the new Dutch
translation project, there is a specific need for a translation that reflects
the literary forms and structures of the source texts and retains as much as
possible imagery and metaphor, if functional, in contemporary Afrikaans. The
Church Advisory Committee: Afrikaans Translations recommended to churches
that a new translation should not be undertaken at this stage, but that
research continue and proof translations be published in order to reach
consensus on the type of translation needed. This recommendation is strongly
supported in this article, due to the trends and needs outlined above. Once
consensus has been reached, a thorough translation brief should guide the
translation process.
Tydens 'n
symposium oor huidige tendense in Bybelvertaling wat in Augustus 2001 gehou is,
het dit duidelik geblyk dat linguistiese teorieë, wat die vertaaltoneel
oorheers het toe die 1983-vertaling verskyn het, vervang is met
funksionalistiese benaderings en deskriptiewe vertaalkunde. Die verskil tussen
hierdie benaderings is geleë in hulle verhouding tot die bronteks: linguistiese
teoretici beskou die bronteks as die norm en evalueer enige vertaling in terme
van ekwivalensie aan die bronteks. Daarteenoor beskou die funksionalistiese
teoretici 'n vertaling as 'n nuwe kommunikatiewe handeling wat aan die doel van
die vertaler se kliënte en lesers moet beantwoord, terwyl voorstaanders van
deskriptiewe vertaalkunde 'n teks as 'n vertaling beskou wanneer dit as sodanig
funksioneer in die ontvangers se kultuur en literêre sisteem. 'n Onlangse
ondersoek na die behoefte aan 'n nuwe Afrikaanse vertaling het aangetoon dat
daar 'n behoefte aan verskeie soorte vertalings bestaan. Die meeste respondente
was tevrede met die 1983-vertaling en wou nie 'n nuwe een hê nie. Dit het egter
ook duidelik geword dat die 1983-vertaling nie geskik is vir liturgiese gebruik
in al die Afrikaanse kerke nie. Soos in die geval van die nuwe Nederlandse
Bybelvertalingprojek, is daar 'n spesiefieke behoefte aan 'n vertaling wat die
literêre vorme en strukture van die brontale weerspieël en so veel as moontlik
die oorspronklike beeldspraak en metafore waar funksioneel, in hedendaagse
Afrikaans behou. Die Kerklike Advieskomitee: Afrikaanse Vertalings
beveel by kerke aan dat 'n nuwe vertaling nie op die stadium onderneem word
nie, maar dat navorsing voortgaan en proefvertalings gepubliseer word ten einde
konsensus oor die tipe vertaling te bereik. In die lig van bogenoemde tendense
en behoeftes, word die aanbeveling sterk gesteun. Wanneer konsensus bereik is,
behoort 'n duidelike opdrag die vertaalproses te rig.
Keywords: Bybelvertaling,
Vertaalteorie, Afrikaanse taal, 1983-vertaling, Bible translation, Theory of
translation, Afrikaans language, Afrikaans Bible translation
"Beset", "besete" of
"beserk"?: besinning oor enkele begrippe binne die kerklike diens van
bevryding van bose magte
Theron,
J.P.J.
Abstract: "Possession" and
"demon-possessed" as problematic concepts within the church's
ministry of deliverance from evil forces
Concepts
used in literature with regard to the church's ministry of deliverance from
evil spirits are discussed. The inadequacies of the terms
"demon-possessed" and "possession" and its Afrikaans
equivalents in this context, insofar as they sometimes denote
"ownership" or "heavy manifestation", are pointed out. The
ways in which Bible translators have dealt with these problems are scrutinised.
Alternative terms are offered as part of the development of a relevant
practical theological theory.
Keywords: Praktiese teologie,
Bediening van bevryding, Besetenheid, Bybelvertaling, Practical Theology,
Ministry of deliverance, Demon-possession, Bible translation
Die betekenis en funksie van die himnes in Openbaring 4-11
Viljoen,
F.P.
Abstract: Die vertelling van die gebeure in
Openbaring 4-11 kon waarskynlik in die uiterste sin sonder die himnes
geaktualiseer gewees het. Die totale kommunikatiewe en estetiese effek kon
egter nie daarsonder bereik word nie. Die intrige ontwikkel binne 'n sterk
liturgiese konteks. Die himnes maak 'n appél op die veronderstelde lesers om
nie 'n passiewe rol te speel nie, maar baie aktief deel te neem. Die himnes
bied bemoedigende woorde en deurgaans die scenario van die finale oorwinning,
een waarin die veronderstelde lesers 'n aktiewe rol speel. Daarom funksioneer
die himnes deurgaans terapeuties. Die himnes handel oor die tema van die
soewereiniteit van God en die Lam, sy koms om te oordeel en die vestiging van
die koninkryk waarin die gelowiges 'n plek kry. Die himnes bied kommentaar op
die intrige van Openbaring en bied belangrike informasie wat die leser help om
sin te maak uit die ontwikkeling van die gebeur. Die gebruik van die himnes in
Openbaring bied bruikbare riglyne vir die gebruik van liedere in die liturgie
vandag.
The
meaning and function of the hymns in Revelation 4-11
The plotted
actions in Revelation 4-11 could be actualised in the strict sense without the
hymns, but the total communicative and esthetic effect could not be achieved
without them. The plot develops in a strong liturgical context. The hymns
summon the implied readers not to play a passive role, but rather an active one.
The hymns are reassuring, constantly representing a scenario of final victory,
one in which the implied reader plays an active role. The hymns are thus
therapeutic throughout. They revolve around the theme of the sovereignity of
God and the Lamb, his coming in judgement and the establishment of the kingdom
of the saints. The hymns comment on the plot of the Apocalypse and provide
important information which helps the reader to decipher the ensuing events.
The hymns in Revelation provide useful guidelines for the use of songs in the
liturgy.
Keywords: Lofprysing,
Erediens, Himnes, Narratief, Openbaring 4-11, Worship, Worship services, Hymns,
Narrative, Revelation 4-11
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