African Journals Online
Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science

VOLUME 6 NUMBER 1 MAY 2002

Effect Of Age Of Seedling At Ransplanting And Variety On Yield And Yield Components Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill).

By R. Ibrahim And S. A. Dadari

Department Of Agronomy
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Abstract

Field Experiments Were Conducted During The 1995/96 And 1996/97 Dry Seasons At The Irrigation Research Farm Of The Institute For Agricultural Research, Samaru, To Study The Effect Of Age Of Seedling At Transplanting And Variety On The Yield And Yield Components Of Tomato Crop. The Treatments Consisted Of Four Seedling Ages (4 – 7 Weeks Old) And Three Tomato Varieties (Ti 106, Ti 468 And Ti 539). Factprial Combinations Of The Treatments Were Laid Out In A Randomized Complete Block Design, With Three Replications. Results Of The Combined Analysis Showed That The Number Of Flowers Per Plant Of 4 – 6 Weeks Old Seedlings Were Significantly Higher Than Those Of 7 Weeks Old. The Seedlings Of 4 – 6 Weeks Old Also Attained 50% Flowering Much Earlier Than The 7 Weeks Old. Fruits Of 6 And 7 Weeks Old Seedlings Were Heavier Than Those Of 4 And 5 Weeks Old. Total Fruit Yield (T/Ha) Of 4 Weeks Old Seedlings Was Significantly Higher Than Those Of 5 – 7 Weeks Old Seedlings. Similar Trend Was Recorded On The Number Of Fruits Per Plant. All Parameters Assessed Were Not Significantly Influenced By Variety Except The Average Fruit Weight, Where Ti 106 And Ti 468 Gave Similar And Heavier Fruits Than Ti 539.

Field Reactions of Segregating Populations of Interspecific Hybrids of Lycopersicon Species to Natural Infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye

M. I. Uguru and D. N. IgiliDepartment of Crop Science
University of NigeriaNsukka

Abstract

The progenies arising from crosses between cultivated tomatoes and a wild relative were screened with their parents for resistance to bacterial leaf spot disease. The aim is to develop a tolerant variety that is well adapted to humid forest ecology where the disease is endemic. The results obtained showed that the cultivated varieties, Roma and Nsukka local, were highly susceptible with disease incidence of 100 per cent. The wild relative on the other hand showed a high level of resistance with a reduced disease incidence. The reactions of the backcrosses and F2 offspring were not impressive as negligible percentage of resistant plants were identified in the F2 . Plants with resistance were recovered in the F3 generation from crosses between the wild and L. esculentum indicating the possibility of transfer of gene(s) for resistance of leaf spot from the wild to the cultivated tomatoes. The increase in the number of resistant plants in this generation is an indication that genes for resistance to leaf spot can be accumulated over generations thereby increasing the selection potentials for resistance to the pathogen in higher generations.

Nursery Performances Of Citrus Scion Varietes On Commercial Rootstocks In Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria.

By A. A. Olaniyan*, J. A. Fagbayide** And J. A. Kolade*

*Citrus Programme National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B. 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria.
**Department Of Agronomy, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract

To Improve The Supply Of Citrus Budded materials, Three Favoured Scion Varieties: Citrus Loureiro, (King's Mandarin), C. Sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Sweet Orange Cv. Agege 1) And C Paradisi X C. Reticulata (Tangelo) Were Screened On Eight Rootstock Namely: C. Paradisi (Duncan Grapefruit), Poncirus Trifoliata (Trifoliate Orange), C Aurantium (Sour Orange), C.Reticulata (Cleopatra Mandarin), C. Limonia (Rangpur Lime), C. Limon (Lisbon Lemon); C. Jambhiri (Rough Lemon) And C. Sinensis (Sweet Orange) For A Period Of 9 Years (1989 – 1998) In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. The Experiment Design Was Randomized Complete Block For The First And Second Rootstocks Screening Between 1989 – 1996. During The Third Trial Tangelo And Sweet Orange Scions Were Used To Screen The Rootstocks, With Scions As The Main – Plots And Rootstocks As The Sub-Plots Following A Split Plot Design In Randomized Complete Block Arrangement.

King's Mandarin Scion Showed Better Performance For Percent Bud Survival On Cleopatra Mandarin And Sour Orange Rootstock With 88.99 And 85.37% Respectively. Tangelo Percent Bud Survival Was Generally Poor On All The Rootstock Tested. Trifoliate Orange And Lisbon Lemon Rootstocks Performed Poorly On Percent Bud Survival For All The Scions. For The Later Growth Of Scion Performance, Sweet Orange And Tangelo Scions Performed Best On Rough Lemon Rootstock, While Cleopatra Mandarin Growth Attributes Of King's Mandarin. Rough Lemon, Rangpur Lime, Sour Orange And Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks Recorded The Best Dry Matter Production For Sweet Orange Scion.

From The Results Of This Study Rough Lemon, Rangpur Lime, Cleopatra Mandarin, Sour Orange, Sweet Orange And Duncan Grape Fruit Emerged In The Nursery As Promising For Scions Tested.

The Economic Potentials of Pineapple Marketing in Edo State, Nigeria.

G. O. Alufohal

Department Of Agricultural Economics And
Extension Services, University Of Benin,
Benin City, Nigeria.

Abstract

Agricultural marketing involves numerous lines of activities, which if well developed can sustain livelihood. It is in line with this that this study looked at the economic potentials in pineapple marketing with a view to unfolding the various business ventures in it that could be developed to enhance income generation for the farmers/marketers. The study was conducted in Uhunmwode, Ovia North East and Esan West Local Government Areas of Edo State. The data used for the study were obtained with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from fifty (50) randomly selected pineapple marketers and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Benefit-Cost Ratio was used to assess the economic viability of some of the identified ventures while the Likert Scale was used for the ranking of some identified factors that stagnate enterprise development in pineapple marketing.

Comparative efficiency of some storage methods for leaf vegetables

Babatola, L. A. , Adetayo, O. B, Odeniyi, S.O. and Lawal, O.I.

Abstract

Experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of some storage techniques for vegetables in the preservation of their nutritive quality. Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentia and Corchorus olitorus were used as test crops.

The fresh vegetables after being thoroughly washed in clean water were stored using seven storage techniques viz: unwrapped vegetables in wet and dry baskets respectively, vegetables in evaporative coolant structure, vegetables in refrigerator and vegetables on laboratory desk. Physical and chemical properties were observed for the period of 3,5 and 9 days after storage.

Results from the study showed that vegetables stored under the evaporative coolant structure had the best quality and high significant difference in terms of freshness, colour retention and marketability. This was followed by vegetables stored in the refrigerator. However, significant differences were observed for chemical parameters like pH, reduced ascorbic acid and total acidity for all vegetables placed under different storage techniques only at five days after storage.

Influence of Seedbed type and Crop Density on the yield Performance of Celosia Argentea (l)

H. Tijani-Eniola

Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan during 1999 and 2000 second cropping seasons (August - October) to assess the effects of two seedbed types (raised seedbed and no tillage) and four crop densities (4,000,000; 1,000,000; 444,444 and 250,000 plants ha-1 obtained by 5 x 5; 10 x 10; 15 x 15 and 20 x 20 cm spacings, respectively) on the performance of Celosia argentea (L.). The 2 x 4 factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Tillage method had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the performance of C. argentea. The crops on raised seedbed produced better seedling vigour than those on no tillage. Higher yield of up to 15 t ha-1 (fresh weight) was obtained from raised seedbed compared to 1.1 t ha-1 (fresh weight) obtained from no tillage. Crops raised on bed at a density of 4,000,000 plants ha-1 produced the highest yield, while the least yield was obtained from those sown on no tillage at a density of 250,000 plants ha-1. Generally, there was no significant interaction between seedbed type and crop density. Crops on raised seedbed outyielded those on no tillage. Also the higher the density, the more the cumulative biomass yields. Seedling vigour and edible yield however improved with decreasing density with 444,444 plant ha-1 producing the optimum value.

Keywords: No tillage, seedbed, crop density, Celosia argentea, leaf area index, marketable yield, edible yield

Economic analysis of the marketing of plantain: a case study of uhunmwode and ovia north east local government areas of edo state, Nigeria

K. O. Ilavbarhe and J. Ahmadu

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,
University of Benin, Benin City.

Abstract

This study concentrated on economic analysis of the marketing of plantain in Uhunmwode and Ovia North East Local Government Areas of Edo State. Six markets, made up of three from each local governmnet were selected because of their high population of plantain marketers and their approximate equal sizes. Data were collected with a well structured questionnaire administered to sixty randomly selected plantain marketers from the six markets . Personal interview, observation method and weighing of plantain were also carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, deviation, correlation coefficient and t- test. The results revealed that differences exist in the price of plantain in the selected markets due to transportation cost, storage cost, initial purchase price of the plantain, bruising/spoilage, off-season scarcity and inadequate market information.

Keywords: Economics analysis, plantain marketing, Uhunmwode and Ovia North East, Edo State.

Socio-Economic Analysis Of Wet And Dry Season Production Of Tomato ( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ): Implications For Input Use

BY Agbabiaje, J. O¹. and Bodunde, J. G.²

1 Department of Vocational Agriculture
Federal College of Education
Osiele, Abeokuta, Nigeria

and

2 Department of Horticulture
University of Agriculture
Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

The economics of tomato production in the wet and dry seasons were examined with special reference to the efficiency of input use and varietal suitability for production seasons. Two varieties of tomato, TI-563 and TI-570 were used and gross margin analysis was employed to compare the performance of the two varieties. Inputs were valued at farm gate prices while farm products were valued at prevailing market prices. Simple linear regression was used to relate input-yield interaction per season. There was fruit yield difference between the two seasons in both varieties. Total production cost was higher in the dry season as a result labour required for irrigation. There was a negative returns-to-scale for labour on land preparation, water and insecticide applications in the dry season. All economic indices considered indicated that the profitability of varieties TI-563 and TI-570 was higher in the wet and dry seasons respectively. The consideration of economic factors in classifying varieties into wet and dry season types was emphasized

Profitability Assessment Of Tomato And Pepper Produced Under Fadama Development Programme In Kaduna State Of Nigeria

J.Fola Alamu; J.D. Olarewaju and Coker, A.A.A.

Institute for Agriculture Research/ Faculty of Agriculture
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaira.

Abstract

The profitability of tomato and pepper produced under fadama development programme was investigated. A combination of primary and secondary data were used for the investigation. Simple descriptive statistics and farm budgeting techniques were used for the analysis. Results show that the total production cost per hectare for mixture of tomato and pepper to be N67,131.74, sole tomato was N55,967.60, sole pepper was N50, 163.30 while all respondents was N57,442.10. The total revenue per hectare for mixture of tomato and pepper was N137,254.9; sole tomato was N110,160.00, that of sole pepper was N61,875 while that of all respondents was N103,095.90. Therefore the net farm profit for tomato and pepper per hectare was N70,122.16; that of tomato was N54,192.40; that of pepper was N11,771.70 while the average profit per hectare for all respondents was N45,654.80. based on the above results, we concluded that tomato and pepper produced under Fadama Development Programme in Kaduna State is profitable.

Yield performance, heritability and interrelationships in some quantitative traits of “tatasai” pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Showemimo, F.A. and Olarewaju, J.D.

Department of Plant Science
IAR, P.M.B. 1044,
A.B.U., Samaru, Zaria.

Abstract

Yield performance, heritability, correlation and path analysis were studied in 5 genotype of `tatasai' pepper for 2 years in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. L 5962-2. PL-2289 and U-Kimba had the highest fresh fruit yield (1.215, 1.183 and 1.087 t/ha respectively). Broad sense heritability ranged from 34.7% in yield to 85.3% for number of fruit/plant. Genotypic coefficient of variation was high for number of fruit/plant (30.1%), yied (22.9%) and percent fruit set (17.0%). Fresh fruit yield was positive and higly correlated with all the traits studied except plant height. Path analysis revealed that percent fruit set, total number of leaves and number of fruit set, total number of leaves and number of fruit/plant had the highest positive direct effect on fresh fruit yield, while plant height had low negative direct and indirect effect on fruit yield.

Key words: Yield, heritability, correlation, path analysis, tatasi pepper.

Susceptibility Of Grain Amaranth Lines To Hemipteran Bug Infestation In Relation To Stem And Inflorescence Colours, And Seed Coat Type

V.C. Umeh*, A. O. Olufolaji And D. Omukwu

National Horticultural Research Institute, P. M. B. 5432, Jericho Reservation Area Ibadan.

Abstract

In trials conducted during the first rainy season of two conscutive years (1999 and 2000) to evaluate the relative susceptibility of 28 grain Amaranth lines to shield bug (Hemiptera) attack, three species namely Aspervia armigera F., Nezara viridula L. and Cletus ochraceus Herich-Schaffer were identified to be most important. These species were most abundant and attacked the inflorescence. The occurred of other identified hemiperous bugs was low and sporadic. Observations during the two cropping seasons showed that grain amaranth lines NH84/457-IL (Opaque), NH84215-2 and NH84/463 were outstanding as having low susceptibility to the bugs. Lines highly attacked were NH84/494, ED82/1019A and NH84/445-2. Lines having intermediate susceptibility levels were also observed.

A relationship was established between bug attack and stem pigmentation, inflorescence and seed coat colours. Aspervia armigera, N. viridulla and C. ochraceus attack on the various lines significantly (P<0.01) decreased with the paleness of the plant characteristics (R2 = 0.53, 0.36 and 0.65 respectively).

Keywords: Aspervia armigera, Cletus ochraceus, Grain amaranth, Nezara viridula, Stem pigmentation, Inflorescence colour, Seed coat.

Correlation Studies On Meloidogyne – Induced Galls And Some Growth Parameters Of Elite Varieties Of Okra Abelmoschus Species

E. I. Nwanguma

National Horticultural Research Institute
P. M. B. 5432
Ibadan.

Abstract

The Relationship Between Soil And Root Nematode Populations As Well As Root Galls Induced By Meloidogyne Incognita (Kofoid And White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 And Growth Of Abelmoschus Spp. Was Investigated In The Field In 1999 And 2000 Root-Knot Nematode Susceptible Celoasis Argentea L. CV. TLV – 13 Was Grown For Twelve Weeks And The Infected Roots Subsequently Ploughed Into The Soil To Serve As Primary Source Of Inoculum. Nematode – Induced Galls, Soil And Root Nematode Populations Correlated Negatively With Shoot But Positively With Root Weights. Correlation With Plant Height Was Also Negative. Positive Correlation Was Observed Between Fruit Weight And Number As Well As Height With Fresh Shoot Weight. Plant Height Was Positively Correlated (P = 0.05) With Fresh Shoot And Root Weights.

Key Words: Correlation, Meloidogvne – Induced Galls, Abelmoschus Species.

Field Evaluation Of Grain Amarnth Lines To Wet Rot Disease Induced By Choanephora Cucurbitarum.

Adebayo .O. S. and Olufolaji .A.O.

National Horricultural Research Institute,
P.M.B. 5432,
Idi-Ishin,
Ibadan.

Abstract

Wet rot disease is an important disease of amaranth worldwide. However, information on sources of resistance to this disease in grain amaranth under Nigeria condition is lacking. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to wet rot disease in grain amaranth lines recently introduced under two different ecologies in Nigeria.

Field trials were conducted at Ibadan and Bagauda representing the Derived Savanna and Sudan Sahel zones of Nigeria respectively in 1994, 1995 and 2000.

NH84/444 was susceptible to the disease Ibadan in 1994, 1995 and 2000 while NH84/457-IE was resistant. There was no occurrence of the disease at Bagauda. Higher yields were recorded in Bagauda as compared to Ibadan. Higher seed weight of 5.8t/ha and 5.6t/ha were recorded in 444 and 493-1 in Bagauda respectively. ln Ibadan, the highest of 0.96t/ha was recorded on 457-IE.

Key Words – Choanephora cucurbitarum, Disease, Grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus. L.), Host resistance

The Relevance Of Poultry And Pig Droppings As Nematode Suppressants On Okra And Tomato In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

By Nwanguma, E. I. And J. B. Awoderu

Abstract

The Efficacy Of Poultry And Pig Manure As Root-Knot Nematode Suppressants On Okra And Tomato Were Studied. The Organic Wastes Were Respectively Worked Into The Soil At The Rate Of 16tha-1 just before sowing Of Okra Seeds Or Transplanting Tomato Seedlings. Their Combination Was Applied Into The Plot In Equal Proportion Of 8tha-1. Mocap (Nematicide) Was Applied At The Rate Of 9kg A.I. Per Hectare. The Unamended Plots Served As The Control. The Field Layout Was A Randomized Complete Block Design In Four Replications. The Nematicide Effect On Meloidogyne Incognita Populations Was Not Different From The Corresponding Effect Of Poultry Manure. However The Suppressive Effect Of Mocap And Poultry On The Pest Populations Were Significantly Higher When Compare With Other Manure Types. Similarly, Plant Treated With Poultry Manure Recorded Significant Vegetative And Reproductive Growth When Compared With Other Tested Variables.

Key Words: Organic Manure, Root-Knot, Meloidogyne Incognita; Lycopersicon, Lycopersicon, Abelmoschus Esculentus.

Floral morphology of the Polystachya Hook. (Orchidaceae) in Nigeria.

Jayeola*, A. A. Folorunso+, A

*Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
+Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Abstract

A study of the floral morphology of the 32 Polystachya Hook. species in Nigeria, all occurring in the wild, was undertaken in search of simple, non-technical characters for their identification. The study has revealed that each lip is distinctive and can be recognized on the basis of their macroscopical and microscopical attributes.

Additional 8 new records of species for Nigeria, 4 of which were new for West Africa, were included in the study.P. cooperi, with large, showy, dense and copious flowers could be explored for domesticaion. Poor representation of the herbaria specimens for some species suggests that some of them are actually rare and require urgent conservation attention before they are lost to science and horticulture.

Effects Of Irrigation Frequency On Soil Moisture Potential And Chemical Properties, Growth And Shot Yield Of Large – Green

BY Afolayan, S. O1., Igbeka, J. C2., Babalola, O3.

National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan.
Department Of Agricultural Engineering University Of Ibadan.
Department Of Agronomy, University Of Ibadan.

Abstract

Irrigation frequency affects soil properties with a residual influence on soil moisture potential, crop performance and shoot yield of vegetables. This study investigated the effect of irrigation frequency on the growth, shoot yield of large green, soil moisture potential, and soil chemical properties based on ramdomised complete block design experimental procedures with three replicates.

The response of growth parameters, dry matter production and leaf area to irrigation frequency were found to be significantly best for watering trice per week (P<0.05). Soil moisture potential (SMP) was lowest (-10cb) in three irrigation frequencies (W3) per week and one irrigation frequency (W1) per week had the highest mean value of (-37cb) SMP. Mean diurnal soil temperature varied between 31.60 C and 25.70 C for watering once every Week (Wi).

Soil temperature was progressively lowered with increasing irrigation frequencies, although there were no significant differences (p<0.05) for three irrigation frequencies per week than the other two treatment. Therefore, irrigation frequency of there application per week was found optimal for the production of large green during the dry season.

Microproagation of Fluted pumkin by Enhanced Axilary shoot formation

M. O. Balogun, S.R. Ajibade and B. A. Ogunbodede

Institute of Agricultural Research and Training,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation,
PMB 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract

In a bid to develop protocols for micropropagation of fluted pumkin (Telfairia occidentalis), single node cuttings of two genotypes, Telfairia occidentalis white and Telfairia occidentalis orange (ToW-1 and ToR-1 respectively) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium but with four different combinations of kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid concentrations. The highest number of nodes per plantlet was obtained in the medium containing l=litre2.0mg/1 kinetin which indicates suitability for micropropagation purposes. There was however, lack of root formation. Premature senescence was also significantly predminant in ToR-1 relative to ToW1. Optimum medium for Telfairia micropropagation appears to be genotype dependent.

Key Words: Telfairia, micropropagation.