African
Journals Online
Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume
7 November 2002
Abstracts
Effect
of seedling age on the susceptibility and early growth of Meloidogyne
incognita infested okra seedlings
E.I.
Nwanguma and B. Fawole
ABSTRACT
Screen
house studies were conducted to test the effect of various seedling
ages on the susceptibility and early growth of Meloidogyne
incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 infested okra Abelmoschus
esculentus (L) Moench seedlings. Pure culture of M. incognita
infected Celosia argentea L. cv. TLV-13 plant and thereafter
subcultured on celosia plants in sterilized sandy-loam topsoil. Zero
(0) (i.e. at sowing), 1 (i.e. at emergence), 8,15,22 and 29 day-old
okra seedlings were infested with 20,000 M. incognita eggs
extracted from the infected celosia plants roots by the sodium
hypochlorite (Naocl) method of Hussey and Barker (1973). Six
replicates of the treatment were made in a completely randomized
experimental design. Heights of 1, 8 and 15 day-old infested seedlings
were not significant but statistically lower than the heights of 0, 22
and 29 day-old seedlings after four (4) weeks of growth. Severity of
infection was significantly pronounced in 1, 8 and 15 day-old infested
seedlings with corresponding higher root/shoot weight values. 29
day-old infested seedlings displayed the highest level of resistance
to the nematodes with significantly higher biomass.
Key
word: Seedlings age, Meloidogyne incognita, early growth,
okra.
Electrophoresis
of crude protein of seeds of some genera of Annonaceae
Folorunso,
A.E. Olorode, O.
ABSTRACT
Seeds
of five genera of Annonaceae were collected from different latitudes
and special ecological zones of Nigeria, the crude proteins were
extracted and analysed by electrophoretic fractionation with a view to
establishing whether they have evolutionary relationships and also to
know the highest protein richness in them.
0.5
ml of each protein sample was loaded into the gel tubes. A current of
1.5 m A per gel was applied until stacking. The current was increased
to 3 m A per gel. The electrophoresis was allowed to run until the dye
front was about 1 cm from the bottom of the gel. The result shows that
the band at 5.2 cm is common among the genera except in Dennettia
tripetala. Intergeneric bands were observed between pairs of gnera
in the family. The highest intergeneric band is between Greenwayodenron
suaveolens and Xylopia aethiopica at 0.2cm, 5cm and 5.1.
The presence of common bands among the genera of Annonacea shows
evidence of common evolutionary origin in them.
Key
Words: Annonaceae, Electrophoretic, Ecological, Band Nigeria.
Responses
of Calathea species in different growing media
J.A.
Fagbayide and A.I. Makinde
ABSTRACT
Pot
experiments were conducted at the National Horticultural Research
Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan to investigate the most suitable medium for
the growing of Calathea species. Four Calathea species namely: C.
ornata; C.nigerica; C. princeps and C.zebrina,
were planted each in three growing media made up of top soil; top soil
and poultry manure (3:1) and top soil+ poultry manure +river sand
(2:1:1). Results showed that the number of leaves, the plant height ,
and the number of plantlets produced per pot were best enhanced in the
substrate of top soil and poultry manure mixtures. Although C.nigerica
produced higher number of leaves and taller plants than C. zebrina,
the latter may be preferred because of its more attractive leaves and
its many plantlets that quickly fill the growing container.
Key
words: growth , container, media, Calathea Species.
Performance
index efficacy for cultivar rating in tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum mill) evaluated for heat tolerance in a dry hot
eco-zone
J.
Goke Bodunde
ABSTRACT
The
use of the factor called performance index (denoted as P) in rating
trial entires was employed in a variety evaluation trial that
secreened seven cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon essulentum
Mill) for fruit yield under natural high environmental day and night
temperatures. The index P was compared with the convertional use of
LSD values in rating entries in field experiments that aim at
screening crop varieties for selection. The trial was conduced at two
locations, Azare in Bauchi state and Talata – Mafara in Zamfara
state, both locations characterized by high temperatures between the
months of February and May yearly. Rating cultivars by P was found
desirable and complementary to the use of LSD. The P value was found
to give information not normally made obvious by LSD in judging
entries for selection. Based on P values at the two trial locations,
cultivars most suitable or unsuitable for each location were indicated
Key
Words: Performance index, cultivar rating, high temperature
tolerance.
Approprate
hydroponic systems for growing tropical leafy vegetables In greenhouse
Weerakkody
W.A.P., Kumari N.A.K.G.E., Bandara W.M.S.M. Dris R. and Oladele O. I.
Abstract
This
study work was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of two
selected tropical leafy vegetables, Kankung (Ipomea aquatica)
and Mukunuwanne (Alternanthera sessilis), in different
hydroponics systems under greenhouse conditions. Three hydroponic
systems namely NFT, coir bag culture, and trough culture were compared
with soil culture under greenhouse conditions. The greenhouse was 30 x
100 ft2 tunnel greenhouse with side netting and forced-air
ventilation. Crops were grown with recommended management practices
and evaluated for vegetative growth and leaf yield. Significantly
higher shoot growth hand leaf yield were found in NFT and coir bag
culture during the final vegetative growth of both crops. However, the
effect of growing systems on leaf area (size) and the plant height of
Mukunuwenna were not significant. Through grown plants dominated in
root growth while, dry matter accumulation appeared to be lower in
hydroponically grown plants compared with soil culture. Coir bag
culture and NFT were identified as better growing systems for both
leafy vegetables under greenhouse conditions in tropical region.
Key
words: Soilless culture, cutivation system, hydroponic, vegetable
Effects
of row spacing and seed rate on onion quality and set yield
Z.
Barakauskienzi, R. Dris and O.I. Oladele
Abstract
The
effect of sowing schemes and seed rates on onion sets yield and
quality was investigated in 1999 – 2000 at the Lithuanian Institute
of Horticulture. Seeds were sown according two schemes: (8 + 15) X 4 +
63 and (8 + 27) X 3 + 61. In each of them seed rates were 14; 17; 20;
23; 26 mln\ha.
The
highest yield of standard onion sets (14.65 t/ha) was obtained at the
scheme (8-15) X 4-63 and at 20mln/ha seed rate. When sowing according
to this scheme and the rate of seeds being 20 mln\ha. When sowing
according to the scheme (8 – 27) X 3 – 61 the highest yield of
standard onion sets – 13.13 t\ha was obtained when applying the seed
rate of 17 mln\ha.
When
increasing the seed rate according to the scheme (8+15) X 4 + 63 over
20 mln\ha, and according to the scheme (8 – 27) X 3 – 61 over 17
mln\ha the yield of standard onion sets was decreasing and sets
reached maturity later. At lower seed rates the amount of standard
sets was decreasing as well because in thinner crops the amount of
bigger sets was higher than of standard ones.
Key
words: sowing scheme, seed rate, onion sets, onion bulbs, standard
yield.
Insect
pest situation and farmers’ cultural practices in citrus orchards in
the Southern Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria.
V.
C. Umeh, I. O. O. Aiyelaagbe, A. A. Kintomo, and M. B. Giginyu
Abstract
A
survey was conducted in the major citrus producing areas located in
Southern Guinea savannah agroecological zone of Nigeria to identify
major insect pest and assess the effects of farmers’ citricultural
practices on citrus production and pest control. Various species of
insect pests were identified attacking citrus. The major leaf feeders
were the scale insects which infested a mean of 13 % of the trees, the
leaf miners (8.7 %), aphids (10.6 %) and the swallowtail butterfly
larvae (23.7 %). Termites damaged the exposed parts of roots and the
woody structure of some citrus trees, and was suspected to have
positively influenced the spread of Phytophthora-induced diseases (r =
0.75; P<0.01; n = 10). Fruit drop caused by fruit piercing insects
occurred in 30 to 90 % of sampled trees per farm. Major citrus
diseases observed included the citrus tristeza disease, foot rot,
brown rot and leaf spot diseases. Farmers’ pest/disease management
practices were ineffective. Factors that contributed to unsatisfactory
control were highlighted.
Keywords:
Citrus, fruit drop, insect pests, die-back, pest-disease complex,
intercropping
Comparative
analysis between maturity traits, yield components and yield of
Tattasai Pepper under contrasting conditions.
Olanrewaju,
J. D. and Showemimo, F.A.
ABSTRACT
This
work reports on the results of comparative traits involving 10
tattasai pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown for 2 years under
contrasting conditions of wet and dry season as treatment in
randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The
result showed non significant effect of years, year x treatment and
year x genotype for all the traits. Mean reduction ratio (MRR)
signifies delayed expression of maturity traits from -12.1% for days
to maturity to - 47% for number of leaves at first flowering under dry
season, while MRR for yield and yield components was high and
positively expressed under wet season. Correlations indicate that
improving yield of tattasai pepper requires simultaneous selection of
yield, yield components and number of leaves at first flowering.
Correlated response revealed that fruit weight, fruit/plant and
percent fruit set are the largest contributors to yield under both
seasons and years.
Key
words: Mean reduction ratio, correlated response, pepper, dry and
wet seasons.
Tillage
Systems and their effects on soil properties, crop growth and shoot
yield of Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu)
Afolayan,
S.O., Igbeka, J.C., Babalola, O.
ABSTRACT
Experiments
were conducted in the South West of Nigeria to investigate the effects
of tillage methods of Corchorus olitorius (ewedu) for two
seasons. on the changes in soil moisture retention, aggregate size
distribution and crop performance.
Results
showed no-tillage (NT) recorded the highest mean value at saturation
(62.5%) and at all the suction points. At 10-20cm soil depth, soil
moisture retention was best for ploughing plus harrowing except at 15
bar , where No- tillage gave the highest mean value (5.1%). Mean
weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), geometric mean diameter of
aggregates (GMD), mean clod size (D50), indices of aggregates size
stability were similar among the tillage methods. It was observed that
MWD increased for NT and ploughing (PHO) and decreased for ploughing
and harrowing (PHA) and ploughing, harrow and bedding (PHB).
The
highest values of leaf area and root depth were recorded under PHB
treatment (40.75cm2) for the
first season while PHO treatment gave the best plant height (42.325cm)
for the second season. Shoot yield of “ewedu” was significantly
highest (P<0.05) for PHB treatment in both seasons followed by PHO.
KEY
WORDS: Yield, moisture retention, tillage systems
Effect
of water soluble and water inso luble types of phosphate fertilizer on
the growth of coffee seedlings.
Ibiremo,
O. S, Fagbola, O and
Obatolu, C. R,
ABSTRACT:
A
greenhouse study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different
sources of phosphorus applied at different rates on coffee (Coffee
canephora) seedlings at the headquarters of Cocoa Research
Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan in 1999 and 2000. This is towards finding
a lasting solution to the problem of P-limitation in soil and supply
by the coffee growing farmers.
Two
sources of phosphorus fertilizers: Single super-phosphate (SSP)(water
soluble) and Sokoto rock phosphate (SRP) (water insoluble) were
applied at rates equivalent to 20 and 40 kg P205 ha-1.
Coffee seedlings with SSP applied at 40 kg P205ha-1
was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in height, leaf area and dry
matter yield compared to other application rates. The relative
agronomic efficiency of SRP applied at 20kg P205ha-1
was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to SRP applied at 40 kg
P205 ha-1. Effect of SRP in
all the rates tested was lower compared to that of SSP at
corresponding rates.
Keywords:
Sokoto rockphosphate (SRP); Single super phosphate (SSP); Coffee;
Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE).
Improving
the germination of Irvingia gabonensis var. excelsa
seeds.
U.
Nzekwe, S. S. C. Onyekwelu and V. C. Umeh
ABSTRACT:
An
investigation on how to improve the germination of the seeds of the
bush mango Irvingia gabonensis var. excelsa (= I.
Wombulu) was carried out using various soil media in planting depulped
and undepulped and, dried and non-dried fruits in polythene bags. The
results showed that depulping of fruits, and drying for two days
before planting in a 1:1 mixture of sawdust (SD) and forest top soil
(TS) enhanced the production of a large quantity of uniform vigorously
growing seedlings during the period of investigation. These methods
significantly (P £ 0.05) increased seed germination and thus could be
used to solve the age long problem of poor germination encountered by
growers of the bush mango Irvingia gabonensis var. excelsa.
Keywords:
Irvingia gabonensis, depulping, germination media, sawdust,
topsoil
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