African
Journals Online
NIGERIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Volume 23 Number 2, 2002
ABSTRACTS
A
review of wound healing
Hassan, A.Z.,* Amber, E.I.,* Awasum, C.A.,* Remi-Adewumi, B.D.,*1
Yila, A.S.,** Hassan, F.B.,*** and Jahun, B.M.**
*Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, **Veterinary Teaching Hospital
*** Division of
Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
1Correspondence
Summary
Wounds have been credited to be the most
common and frequent reason for seeking medical attention. This review
highlights the existing information on several aspects of wound healing. While
the review presents the traditional information on wounds such as the etiology,
classification and stages involved in wound healing, it attempts to capture the
current information on hitherto obscure aspects of the healing phenomena, such
as, the role of growth factors. Also reviewed are several traditionally used
substances or clinical practices that are in fact, injurious to wounds.
KEY WORDS:
A Review. Wound Healing
Morphological analysis of mouse testes following
gestational and lactational alcohol exposure
* Onu, J.E., **Ezeasor, D.N. And **Ihemelandu, E.C.
*Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University P.M.B. 2254, Sokoto
** Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nigeria Nsukka
*Correspondence
Summary
The effect of maternal alcohol consumption
during gestation and lactation on the morphology of the testes of offspring was
studied using 180 male mice. The 180 mice were offspring of a breeding stock
comprising 36 female and 18 male mice. The 36 female mice were divided into 3
groups of 12 each. The offspring of group 1 served as control while those of
groups 2 and 3 were exposed to 30% ethanol (V/V) prenatally and pre-and
postnatally respectively. At 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks of age, 10 male offspring
were randomly selected from groups 1, 2 and 3 and sacrificed. Following
sacrifice, the testes were carefully dissected out. Determination of the
weights of the testes showed that the testis of controls weighed significantly
heavier then those of the alcohol exposed groups. Histologically, seminiferous
tubular diameter of controls was larger than those of the alcohol exposed
groups. There was also delay in the development of spermatogenic cells in the
testes of those exposed to alcohol.
KEY WORDS: Maternal alcohol consumption, Morphology, Offspring, Testes.
Epizootiological and microbiological
methodologies for monitoring anti-microbial resistance among enterobactericeae
of animal origin: a review
Okoli I. C.;1* Ozoh, P.T.E.2
And Udedibie, A.B.I. 1
1Tropical Animal Health and Production Research Lab.,
Department of Animal science and Technology, 2Department of
Biological Sciences Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri,
Imo State, Nigeria
* Correspondence (Email: [email protected])
Summary
The emergence of anti-microbial resistant strains in the treatment of
bacterial infections has demanded some critical revaluation of the continued
use of these agents in agriculture. Current information on the spread of
pathogenic and commensal bacteria of animal origin and their resistance genes
highlight the existence of interactions between micro-ecological systems in
different animal hosts and the environment. Protocols for appropriate
epizootiological investigations of anti-microbial resistance in farming
environments should therefore incorporate elements of such ecologic
interactions. For example, to evaluate the risks of continued use of
anti-microbials in animals and their impact on human health, veterinary
monitoring of bacterial susceptibility should assume a broad structure that
includes a large number of animal species, detection of resistance levels in
bacteria resident in animals and animal-derived foods, and also incorporate
deferent bacterial species especially veterinary pathogens, zoonotic bacteria
and commensals. Similarly, application of molecular typing techniques alongside
conventional phenotypic methods is preferred especially when testing for newly
emerging as well as established resistance patterns.
KEY WORDS: Anti-microbial resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, Epizootiology, Molecular
typing, Animal
Post surgical complications
from students’ large animal surgical exercise
Sanni,
B.D., Olainipekun, E.O., Sackey, A.K., Fadason, S.T. and Gyang, E.O.
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Medicine
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Summary
A
retrospective study of post surgical complications was conducted on records of
students’ Large Animal Surgical Laboratories in the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine (F.V.M.), Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U), Zaria from 1989 to 1993.
Three hundred and eleven surgical complications were recorded from five
surgical procedures namely dehorning, orchidectomy, vasectomy, rumenotomy and
enterotomy. The commonest complications were wound dehiscence (25.4%),
sinusitis (16.7%), and hemorrhage (14.6%). Others included fever (11.3%), edema
(10.6%) slipped ligature (6.4%), wound infection (5.5%), peritonitis (4.8%),
death (2.6%), intestinal obstruction/adhesion (1.3%), physiological bloat
(0.6%) and myiasis (0.3%). Dehorning, castration and rumenotomy resulted in
more complications. Surgical site debridement and surgical reconstruction
coupled with antibiotic therapy were used in the management of complications.
Responses from questionnaires administered to instructors of the surgical
laboratories, revealed that post surgical complications were due to poor health
status of sheep and goats used, broken asepsis during surgery, wrong use of
instrument, poor surgical technique and dirty pens in which they were kept
after surgery. Surgical complications no doubt contribute to tremendous high
cost of running the students’ surgical laboratories which was estimated to cost
N80,000 per annum. In order to minimize these complications and
consequently to reduce money spent on surgical reconstruction and antibiotic
therapy some recommendations are made.
KEY WORDS:
Surgical complications, students’ practical, sheep and goats
Incidence of dermatophilosis (kirchi) in sheep from
livestock markets in Jigawa State
*George, B.B.J. and **Aliyu Ben-Umar
*Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
**Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kano State
Summary
A survey was conducted between October 1995
and September 2000 in which a total of 475 sheep with clinical manifestations
of dermatitis were examined for the presence of Dermatophilus congolensis. Results obtained from samples carried
out during the dry season (October to May) showed that only 24(5.25%) were
positive for this organism. In samples collected during the wet season (June to
September), a total of 49 (10.7%) positive cases were recorded. These figures
compared favorably with earlier reports from infections in cattle in which 4-6%
infection rate was reported during the dry season and 10-12% in the wet season.
It is strongly suggested that sheep are equally susceptible to infection as are
cattle and therefore should merit the same attention given to this infection in
terms of control in cattle.
KEY WORDS:
Sheep, Dermatophilosis, Incidence.
The Ondersteport Canine distemper virus strain and
measles vaccine protect Nigerian local dogs against local isolates of Canine distemper virus
Ezeibe,
M.C.O. and Wosu, L.O.
Department
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Summary
Three
groups of dogs aged three months each were used in an experiment to assess
efficacy of imported Canine distemper
vaccine (Ondersteport strain) and measles vaccine in protecting Nigerian dogs
against local isolates of Canine
distemper virus. Each group consisted of four randomly selected puppies.
One group was vaccinated with triple vaccine (which contain the Ondersteport
live Canine distemper vaccine). The
second group was vaccinated with measles vaccine while the third group served
as unvaccinated controls. Four weeks post vaccination all the three groups were
infected with 0.1 ml of brain extract of a dog earlier infected with local Canine distemper virus isolated in
chorio-allantoic membrane of chicken embryo. Morbidity and mortality was 100%
in the control group. The measles vaccinates showed mild rashes on the lower
abdomen and recovered spontaneously. There was no morbidity in the group
vaccinated with triple vaccine up to 60 days post infection (PI). The two
vaccination methods protected the Nigerian dogs (P < 0.01).
KEY WORDS:
Ondersteport strain, measles vaccine, protection, Nigerian local dogs
Concurent fatal helminthosis
and balantidosis in red monkey (Erythrocebus
patas) in Ibadan, Nigeria
* Adedokun, O. A.,**Adedokun,
R.A.M.,***Emikpe, B.O., *** Ohore, O.G., * Oluwayelu, D.O. and***Ajayi, O.L.
*Department Of Veterinary Microbiology and
Parasitology, **Veterinary Teaching Hospital, ***Department of Veterinary
Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Summary
Fresh
fecal specimen from a moribund red monkey (Erythrocebus
patas) from the zoological garden, University of Ibadan with a history of
dysentery was examined. Ova of Trichuris
spp., Enterobius spp, Ancylostoma spp. and Strongyloides spp., as well as Balantidium spp oocysts were found. Post
mortem, findings revealed the large intestine heavily infected with worms
especially Trichuris spp., Ancylostoma spp. and Trichostronglus spp. which were enmeshed
in a thick layer of mucous and blood on the mucosa. The public health
importance is discussed.
KEY WORDS: Helminthosis, Balantidium, Diarrhoea, Monkey.
Ruminal obstruction
associated with non-digestible materials in a muturu cow: a case report
Eze,
C. A.
Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Obstetrics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Nigeria
Summary
A
five-year-old muturu cow in a semi-intensively managed herd with advanced
pregnancy suddenly became anorexic, moribund and recumbent. While in
recumbency, there was abdominal distension and the animal groaned respiration.
Emergency slaughter was carried on the animal within 12hours of on set of these
signs. A large nylon rope and a cloth (rag) with sediments of sand were found
in the rumen. The foreign bodies together with pockets of sand in the cloth
weighed 1.83kg.. Semi-intensive husbandry practice does not give the animal the
opportunity of optimal grazing and as such some animals develop pica which
include chewing of tethering rope and geophagia. This, coupled with pregnancy
in this report predisposed the animal to pica. It is concluded that only good
husbandry practices nutrition and environment can eliminate reproductive loses.
Management practices and environment contribute to the presence and kind of
foreign bodies present in the ruminal stomach. Again, field diagnosis of the
presence of ruminal foreign bodies is naturally a difficult one except where
exploratory surgery is involved.
KEY WORDS:
Foreign bodies, rumen, muturu cow.
Yolk sac infection in a broiler flock: a case report
Amaechi, N.
College of Animal Science and Animal Health
Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture, Umudike – Umuahia,Abia State, Nigeria
Summary
A
case of yolk sac infection is reported among 500 broiler chicks bought for
National Root Crop Research Institute, Umudike, Poultry Project. From the day
of receipt the birds were depressed, dull with distended abdomen. The next day
and subsequent days the birds started dying, reached its peak on the 12th
day with 8 deaths. Result of post mortem done on the dead chicks revealed a
septicaemic carcass with the subcutaneous and yolk sac blood vessels enlarged
and dilated. The striking feature was an inflamed unabsorbed yolk sac with the
yolk abnormal in colour and consistency. Post mortem findings seen in chicks that
survived into second, third and forth weeks were inspissated yolk sac which
contained deeply pigmented caseous material. Bacteriological isolations
revealed the presence of Escherichia
coli. The outbreak was presumed to be as a result of Escherichia coli contaminating the hatching eggs and further
penetrate the shell to infect the yolk. The source of infection was found to be
from the hatchery contaminated with Escherichia
coli where infection spread from chick to chick.
KEY
WORDS: Yolk Sac Infection, Broiler Flocks,
Septicaemic Carcass.
|