African
Journals On-line
Tropical Veterinarian
Volume 20(4), 2002
Abstracts
A review of the Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Schistosomosis
Bila, C. D.,,2*, DA Silva, P.2, Gruys, E.1
1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Utrecht,
P. O. Box 80158, 3508 TD, the Netherlands.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane
University,
P. O. Box 257 Maputo-Mozambique
Keywords: Schistosomosis, zoonosis, cattle,
pathology, pathogenesis
*Author for Correspondence
Abstract
Schistosomes are trematodes of separate sex living in blood
vessels. They have part of their life cycle in a snail before
becoming cercariae, and they reach the final host. Schistosomosis
is a zoonosis. Several aspects of schistosomosis and Schistosoma
species, their geographical distribution, life cycle, mode of
infection, control and treatment are reviewed. The comparative
pathogenesis and pathology of the disease in bovine, man and
other species with regard to parasite species and organs of the
host involved, are presented and discussed. The clinical features
and pathological changes result more from the eggs than from the
adult parasites themselves. The eggs release soluble antigen that
is captured and presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). The
APCs stimulate CD4 + T cells through costimulator molecules. The
CD4 + T cells secrete cytokines leading to granulomatous reaction
and fibrosis. These are major changes associated with clinical
disorders. Around the eggs club-like eosinophilic protein
deposits, the so-called Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, can form.
Questions for further veterinary investigations are addressed.
The Efficacy of the clay meat ball as a method of
traditional meat preservation
Sansi1, J.A.A., Makinde1, G.E.O., Alonge2, D.O., and
Lasisi2.
O.T.
1Institute of Agric., Research and Training, P.M.B. 5029,
Ibadan.
2Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
*Author for correspondence
Keywords: meat ball, protein, mineral content
Abstract
This work was carried out to determine the effectiveness of
the use of clay meat balls (an African traditional method of
preserving meat) in extending the shelf life of meat over a
period of months against microbial (bacterial and fungal)
spoilage and contamination without adversely affecting the
protein and mineral contents of the meat.
The methods of oven drying and proximate analysis were applied
for the study. “Kundi” had a higher crude protein value
of 35.61% while meat from clay ball had 29.67% and fresh meat had
21.28%.
The levels of calcium, iron, potassium and sodium were higher
in clay balls than in “Kundi”. The zinc content in
“Kundi” was higher than in meat clay balls. The meat in
the clay balls were more attractive in colour and more tasteful
than “Kundi”.
It was concluded that heated clay meat ball method of
preservation would be a better alternative for a traditional meat
processor.
Uterine Torsion in a West African Dwarf Ewe in Ibadan, Nigeria
Ajala*, O. Oluwatoyin, Emikpe, B.O and Oyeyemi, M.O.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Ibadan
* Author for correspondence
Keywords: Uterine torsion, West African Dwarf Ewe,
Ibadan
Abstract
A case of uterine torsion in a 21/2 year old pluriparous West
Africa Dwarf (WAD) ewe raised semi intensively with adequate
veterinary care before the death of the dam and the lamb is
presented. The dam had been off feed for 3 days and was found
straining a night before her death. The lamb was a male of 37cm
crown rump length (CRL), weight, 3.0kg and showed other features
consistent with a full term lamb. The post mortem findings and
the predisposing factors are discussed.
Estimation of Age of Cattle in Nigeria Using Rostral
Dentition: Short Communication
Lasisi*, O.T., Ojo, N.A. and Otesile, E.B.
Department of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
*Author for correspondence
Key Words: Cattle, ageing, teeth, Nigeria
Abstract
Investigation was carried out to determine range of ages of
cattle at the University of Ibadan and Institute of Agricultural
Research and Training Ibadan. A total of 137 animals were used.
The eruption of the temporary rostral teeth commenced during
the first week of life and the teeth were fully grown by the end
of the fifth week.
Effect of organic contrast Media on the haematology and
Serum Electrolytes in Xylazine Sedated Dogs
Ajadi*, R.A., Ighalo, O. Sarumoh, B.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan
*Author for correspondence
Key Words: Contrast media, haematology, serum
electrolytes, dogs, xylazine
Abstract
The effect of contrast media on the hematology and serum
electrolyte was determined in five dogs sedated with 2mg/kg of
xylazine intramuscular (i.m). A total of 800mg/kg bolus of 76%
urograffin was then administered by intravenous injection through
the cephalic vein. Blood was collected from the jugular vein
before sedation after sedation, and 5mins after contrast medium
administration for the determination of packed cell volume (PCV),
hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell
count (WBC) and platelets. In addition, value of the serum
sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate ions were determined,
while the sodium/potassium ratio (Na/K) and anion gap (AG) were
calculated.
In this study, the administration of 76% urograffin does not
significantly (P>0.05%) alter the PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and
Platelets. Similarly the serum sodium, potassium, chloride and
bicarbonate ions as well as the Na/K and AG were not
significantly (P>0.05) altered by the urograffin in the
xylazine-sedated dogs.
It was therefore, concluded that 76% urograffin at the dosage
rate of 800mg/kg does not produce adverse changes in the
hematology and serum electrolyte in clinically healthy dogs
pretreated with xylazine.
Effects of Oral Administration of the Latex of Calotropis
procera on weights, Hematology and Plasma Biochemistry
in rats
Dada, Y.O.; Lamidi, M.T., Eghianruwa*, K.I. and Adepoju, F.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
*Author for correspondence
Keyword: Blood chemistry, Calotropis procera,
HB, PCV, rat, weight
Abstract
The latex of Calotropis procera was obtained daily and
administered to groups of rats through oral cannular in different
sets of study. In one set of study, the latex was administered
daily at varying doses and the packed cell volume (PCV), red
blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), white
blood cell count (WBC), plasma protein, plasma total albumin and
plasma electrolytes (NA+, K+, Ca2++ and PO42-) of the rats were
determined on days 7 and 14. In another set of study, the latex
was administered daily at varying doses for seven days following
which the weights of the animals were determined. The latex was
also administered daily in another set of study at varying doses
for 90 days during which the rats' weights were recorded at 30,
60 and 90 days during treatment.
The latex of C. procera did not produce significant
changes in PCV, HB and RBC values. Similarly, there were no
significant changes in the values of serum Ca2+, Na+, K+ and
PO42-. The values of total blood protein and albumin were also
not altered during treatment. The latex, however, caused
significant increases in WBC values. Rats that received the latex
lost weight while control rats gained weight. Deaths were
recorded in treated groups during the acute and chronic phases of
the study.
It is concluded that the latex of C. procera has no
significant effects on blood parameters but it readily causes
loss of weight and would be detrimental to animal health during
the long dry season in the semi-arid zone.
A Case of Possible Brucellosis Relapse in a Veterinarian
Falade, S.
P. O. Box 20664 University of Ibadan Post Office, Ibadan,
Nigeria.
Keyword: Brucellosis, Veterinarian, possible relapse,
29 years after initial infection
Abstract
This article re-examines the case of a veterinarian who
suffered from an acute brucellosis at the age of 28 years. It is
possible that the patient developed a chronic bilateral brucellar
orchitis 29 years later.
Effects of Chloramphenicol Pretreatment on
Xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in cats
Adetunji*, A., Ajadi, R.A. and Akerele, T. O.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan
*Author for correspondence
Keyword: Chloramphenicol, xylazine, ketamine,
anaesthesia, cats
Abstract
The effect of pretreatment with a single intramuscular (im)
dose of chloramphenicol (10mg/kg) on the anaethesia induced with
im injection of ketamine (25mg/kg) was investigated in five cats
premedicated with im xylazine (1.0mg/kg) and atropine (0.04mg/kg)
with regard to the onset of anaesthesia (OAN), duration of
analgesia (DAN), sleeping time (SLT) and standing time (STT). In
addition, changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and
rectal temperature (RT) were recorded immediately after
ketamine-induced anaesthesia and at 10-min intervals over a
period of 60 mins.
The difference in OAN between treated cats (2.8+1.7 mins) and
the control cats (1.4+0.9 min) was not significant
(P>0.05). The DAN in the treated cats (124.4+51.1 mins)
and the control cats (114.4+50.9 mins) were significantly
different (P<0.05). The SLT and STT were significantly
different (P<0.05) for the treated cats (181.4+79.4
mins and 12.2+7.8 min) from the control cats (168.4+67.4
mins 12.2+7.3 mins) respectively. Also the chloramphenicol
treated cats tended to show higher HR but no significant changes
in the HR, RR and RT were evident when compared with the control
cats.
It was therefore concluded that pretreatment with
chloramphenicol somewhat prolongs the duration of anaesthesia
produced by i.m injection of ketamine in xylazine premedicated
cats, although this effect may not be of clinical concern.
PASTEURELLOSIS IN A CAPTIVE ANTELOPE (Antelope cervicapra) IN IBADAN NIGERIA
1Emikpe, B.O; 1Ohore, O.G; 2*Oluwayelu, D.O;
3Eyarefe, O. D
1Department of Veterinary Pathology
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology
3Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Ibadan.
Keywords: Pasteurellosis, captive,
antelope, pneumonia, necrosis
*Author for correspondence
Abstract
A case of pasteurellosis in a captive antelope (Antilope
cervicapra) in the zoological garden of the University of
Ibadan is reported. The antelope was found dead without any
premonitory signs. Gross findings include antero-ventral
consolidation of the lungs with multifocal hepatic necrosis while
the histopathology revealed acute pneumonia and diffuse hepatic
necrosis with nephritis. Bacteriological examination incriminated
Mannheimia hemolytica as causative agent.
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